The Interrelationship Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2314 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Biology Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction This essay will consider the structure and function of the 11 systems within the human body. It will detail the interrelationship between the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system and between the circulatory system and the lymphatic system. It will then explain the roles of the circulatory and lymphatic systems in the immune response and the role of hormones in metabolism. Human Body Systems The human body is made up of 11 separate but interconnected systems (Sherwood, 2007). These are the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, integumentary, immune, endocrine and reproductive systems. The success and survival of the human body is dependent on the ability of separate body systems to work together. The skeletal system provides structure for the human body, stores minerals, produces blood cells and provides protection for delicate organs (Kelly, 2004). 206 bones are connected with ligaments, muscles and tendons, with cartilage, a softer cushion like material, providing protection in jointed areas. Body movements are controlled by the muscular system, with these muscles being connected to bones via tendons (Adams, 2004). Stimulation of these muscles by the nervous system causes contraction and the resulting movement of bones to which they are attached. A number of involuntary muscles ensure the respiratory and circulatory systems c ontinue with contraction of the heart and lungs (Adams, 2004). The heart is central to the circulatory system and acts as to pump blood through arteries, veins and capillaries. The circulatory system is responsible for delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells as well as removing waste products and aiding the immune system through the circulation of white blood cells (Jacab, 2006). The immune system is comprised of lymph organs, such as the spleen and thymus, and the skin, all of which are responsible for protecting the body against invading pathogens (Parham, 2005). The circulatory system and the respiratory system are closely interconnected with the latter bringing fresh oxygen into the body through the alveoli of the lungs (Johnson, 2004). The respiratory system is closely connected with the excretory system as it is responsible for the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste gases through exhalation. The excretory system eliminates both solid and liquid wastes in addition to these gaseous products, and is made up of a number of specialist tissues along with the large intestine, bladder, kidneys, rectum, lungs and skin (Sherwood, 2007). The physical and chemical breakdown of food into energy is carried out by the digestive system. This system commences with the mouth, teeth and salivary glands then passes through the oesophagus to the stomach and small intestine for digestion. The liver, pancreas and large intestine are also involved, through the production of digestive enzymes and bile and the processing of nutrients (Windelspecht, 2004). The nervous system is responsible for sending messages to and from the brain through neurons. The nervous system controls all bodily functions by sending electrochemical signals through the neural network (Llamas, 1998). The endocrine system acts as a communication network but uses hormones as chemical messengers which travel through the bloodstream (Klosterman, 2009). The hormones have specific target organs and c arry signals to start or stop performing a specific function. Finally, the reproductive system is responsible for the production of children and reproductive hormones cause our bodies to develop into sexual maturity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Interrelationship Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order Relationship between the nervous and musculoskeletal system Muscle is a contractile tissue that can be histologically divided into three types. These are: striated or skeletal muscle, which are under direct nervous control; cardiac muscle, which is also striated but is a specialist form that is confined specifically to the heart; and smooth or visceral muscle, which is not under direct nervous control (Nair and Peate, 2013). This latter form can be found in the walls of blood vessels and the alimentary tract and in arrector pili. Smooth muscle is usually in the form of flat sheets and forms circular and longitudinal layers, or can be arranged as a sphincter in order to control passage through a tube, for example the anus (Ikebe, 1996). Skeletal muscle is usually attached to two separate bones via tendon, fleshy or aponeurosis connections. Muscle action control is carried out by the nervous system (Stein, 1982). Contact between nerves and muscles often occurs through chemical stimulus conveyed by motor end plates, which instruct muscles t o contract. Signals can also be sent through tendons via specific receptors that are able to measure the stretch of the tendon (Stein, 1982). Messages from nerves are referred to as efferent when they take a message to a specific tissue and afferent when they are taking the message to the spinal cord and brain (Craig, 2005). As such the nervous system comprises two separate but combined systems. These are the central and peripheral nervous systems, with the former being made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the latter comprising the remaining neural network (Cervero, 1988). This neural network comprises 12 pairs of head nerves connected to the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord. Nerves which transfer information from receptors within the body to the central nervous system are sensoric nerves, whilst nerves that transport information from the CNS to muscle fibres are motoric nerves (Cervero, 1988). As such, the peripheral nervous system comprises col lections of nerves, their insulating myelin sheaths, Schwann cells and connective tissue. The majority of these nerve cells are able to carry out efferent and afferent cell processes (Craig, 2005). Figure 1 shows the organisation of a neuron, with the body being the axon and the smaller projections being known as dendrites. The neuron uses the dendrites to obtain and pass information from and to other neurons (Spruston, 2008). The axon passes the information to other cells particularly muscle cells. The information is then passed along the neuron through voltage changes within the cell membrane. This is known as the action potential (Bean, 2007). Information transfer between individual nerve cells occurs through chemical agents which are released when the action potential has reached the end of an axon. Figure 1. The organisation of a neuron (Biomedical Engineering, 2016). Relationship between the circulatory and lymphatic systems These systems primarily comprise of the bodys blood circulating and waste removal capabilities. The two systems are significantly intertwined and work collectively to transport substances throughout the body (Sherwood, 2007). Both systems work in a similar manner as they both produce a liquid substance, either lymph or blood, which flows through a network of vessels and ducts to reach every part of the body. Both of these liquid substances are responsible for carrying nutrients or removing waste and are therefore both circulatory in nature (Sherwood, 2007). The primary role of the circulatory system is the transport of blood throughout the body. It comprises the heartand a network of veins, arteries and capillaries that move oxygenated blood to the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tissues and deoxygenated blood and waste products away from body tissues (Johnson, 2004). This crucial blood transport system carries nutrients, oxygen and fluids throughout the body, which are needed for norma l cell activity. The primary role of the lymphatic system is waste removal. When muscles absorb unneeded material, lymph fluid picks up this waste product and transports it to the lymph nodes (Cueni and Detmar, 2006). This system is responsible for eliminating old red blood cells, which means that the lymphatic system is effectively the circulatory systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s waste disposal unit. Blood plays a major role in the creation of lymph as blood plasma develops into interstitial fluid after contact with body tissues (Wu et al, 2013). Some of this interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels where it develops into lymph. As such, one of the major responsibilities of the lymphatic system is to act as a drain for the interstitial fluid surrounding tissues. This clear fluid is carried through the lymphatic vessels into lymphatic ducts and through lymph nodes where lymphocytes attack foreign bodies and pathogens (Alitalo et al, 2005). After passing through these areas, the l ymph passes into the large brachiocephalic or subclavian veins and re-enters the circulatory system. Role of the circulatory and lymphatic system in the immune response Whilst the circulatory system is responsible for the transport of blood, oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body, it is also often responsible for the carriage of bacteria and other pathogens throughout the body. The lymphatic system isa crucial part of the bodys immune response to these pathogenic invasions (Bajenoff et al, 2007). Lymphoid tissue, which is found in a number of organs, specifically in the lymph nodes and in lymphoid follicles that are associated with the digestive system, including the tonsils, contains lymphocytes. The lymphatic system also includes bone marrow, the thymus and the spleen, along with other dedicated circulatory and lymphocyte production structures (Bajenoff et al, 2007). There are two types of lymphocyte with the first type being responsible for directly attacking any invading pathogen and the second type being responsible for the production of antibodies that then circulate within the bloodstream and attack any further invading pathogens (Ba jenoff et al, 2007). Any invading foreign particle or pathogen is picked up by the lymph and transported through the lymph vessels to the regional lymph nodes. Within these lymph nodes, dendritic cells and macrophages phagocytose the antigens, before processing them and presenting these foreign antigens to the lymphocytes (Wei et al, 2003). These lymphocytes then produce antibodies or act as memory cells, which are responsible for recognising specific antigen attacks in the future, thereby improving the speed of the immune response. As such, the lymphatic system can be described as a system responsible for both transport and defence. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the human lymphatic system showing the network of lymph nodes and connecting lymphatic vessels. Role of hormones in the metabolic process In order to control nutrient intake, store any excess and utilise the stores when necessary, a number of hormones are used. Insulin and glucagon are the two primary hormones responsible for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, additional regulation is also mediated by thyroid hormones (Patel et al, 2008). Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin after stimulation from a rise in blood glucose levels. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by increasing the rate of glucose uptake and by encouraging target cells to use this glucose for the production of ATP. The liver is also stimulated to convert glucose to glycogen with the latter being stored for later use. Glucose transport proteins are incorporated into cell membranes when insulin bind to these target cells via receptors and through signal transduction (Patel et al, 2008). This method allows for the transport of glucose into the cell where it can be used as a source of energy. This results in the lowering of blood glucose concentrations which then results in a negative feedback loop and inhibits further insulin release from the beta cells. When blood glucose levels drop below normal levels, usually between meals or when glucose is being utilised through exercise, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon (Patel et al, 2008). Glucagon is responsible for raising blood glucose levels through eliciting the hyperglycemic effect. This is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose within the liver cells and skeletal muscle in a process known as glycogenolysis. This free glucose can then be utilised as energy by the muscle cells whilst the liver releases glucose into circulation for use by other key organs (Patel et al, 2008). Glucagon also stimulates the liver to absorb amino acids from the blood, with this organ then being responsible for conversion of these amino acids to glucose. This synthesis of glucose is named gluconeogenesis (Patel et al, 2008). Any rise above normal levels in blood glu cose levels is also controlled buy a negative feedback loop with any further release of glucagon by the pancreas being halted. Therefore, homeostatic glucose levels are controlled by insulin and glucagon working together. References Adams, A. (2004). The muscular system. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Alitalo, K., Tammela, T., Petrova, T. V. (2005). Lymphangiogenesis in development and human disease. Nature, 438(7070), 946-953. BajÃÆ' ©noff, M., Egen, J. G., Qi, H., Huang, A. Y., Castellino, F., Germain, R. N. (2007). Highways, byways and breadcrumbs: directing lymphocyte traffic in the lymph node. Trends in Immunology, 28(8), 346-352. Bean, B. P. (2007). The action potential in mammalian central neurons. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(6), 451-465. Biomedical Engineering (2016). Biomedical Advances: Neuron Damage. [online] Available at: https://biomedicalengineering.yolasite.com/neurons.php [Accessed 2 Feb. 2016]. Cervero, F. (1988). Organization of the autonomic nervous system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Central and peripheral mechanisms. Pain, 33(3), p.390. Craig, A. (2005). Forebrain emotional asymmetry: a neuroanatomical basis? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(12), pp.566-571. Cueni, L. N., Detmar, M. (2006). New insights into the molecular control of the lymphatic vascular system and its role in disease. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 126(10), 2167-2177. Ikebe, M. (1996). Contractile Mechanisms: Biochemistry of Smooth Muscle Contraction. Science, 274(5286), pp.367b-368b. Jakab, C. (2006). The circulatory system. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media. Johnson, R. (2004). Respiration and circulation. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. Kelly, E. (2004). The skeletal system. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Klosterman, L. (2009). Endocrine system. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. Llamas, A. (1998). The nervous system. Milwaukee, Wis.: Gareth Stevens Pub. Nair, M. and Peate, I. (2013). Fundamentals of applied pathophysiology. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Parham, P. (2005). The immune system. New York: Garland Science. Patel, S., Doble, B. W., MacAulay, K., Sinclair, E. M., Drucker, D. J., Woodgett, J. R. (2008). Tissue-specific role of glycogen synthase kinase 3ÃŽÂ ² in glucose homeostasis and insulin action. Molecular and Cellular Biology,28(20), 6314-6328. Sherwood, L. (2007). Human physiology. Australia: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. Spruston, N. (2008). Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(3), 206-221. Stein, R. (1982). What muscle variable(s) does the nervous system control in limb movements? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5(04), p.535. Wei, S. H., Parker, I., Miller, M. J., Cahalan, M. D. (2003). A stochastic view of lymphocyte motility and trafficking within the lymph node. Immunological Reviews, 195(1), 136-159. Windelspecht, M. (2004). The digestive system. Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press. Wu, M., Frieboes, H. B., McDougall, S. R., Chaplain, M. A., Cristini, V., Lowengrub, J. (2013). The effect of interstitial pressure on tumor growth: coupling with the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 320, 131-151.

Taking a Look at Albert Einstein - 571 Words

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Einstein. As he got older, he enrolled into Luitpold Gymnasium. After they transferred to Italy, he entered Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics, where he gained his diploma in 1901. He was also studying his religion, Judaism. Even though, he earned his diploma he could not find a teaching post so he accepted a position in the Swiss Patent Office. After he was on track with his position, he obtained his doctor’s degree. During his spare time, while during labor in the Patent Office, he was able to complete other activities that were rewarded by being Privatdozent in Berne, in 1909. He became a Professor Extraordinary at Zurich in 1909, and then later on in 1911 he became Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berli n. He became a United States Citizen in 1940 and later retired from his post in 1945. Einstein was a world leading figure after World War II; he was given the opportunity to be in the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined. He later on supported and collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. One of Einstein’s biggest success subjects was having a clear, understanding view of the problems of physics and the determination and ability to solveShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions Of Albert Einstein1647 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Einstein: Theoretical Physicist, Scientist Biography by Matthew Ling Though known today as the most influential physicist of the twentieth century, he was not always regarded as such. Seen as a â€Å"retarded† school dropout and an army draft dodger in his youth, Albert Einstein was never expected to be successful at all, and definitely not the accomplished physicist he is today. 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The False Claims Act free essay sample

Proprietary education dates back to the late nineteenth century where institutions focused on professional training in teaching, medicine, and law (Breneman, Pusser, ump; Turner, S. , 2000). The 1972 Higher Education Reauthorization Act included for-profit institutions in federal financial aid programs and changed the vernacular of higher education to postsecondary education (2000). This piece of legislation along with new technologies along with increased demand for higher education and prompted a resurgence of for-profit institutions in the latter half of the twentieth century (2000). From these changes, a new era of postsecondary education was born According to Turner (2006), for-profit institutions are more responsive to the changes in the external environment and are able to capitalize on new opportunities. The growth among for-profit institutions can be attributed to their ability for geographic variation and catering to the need of non-traditional students for increased educational access. The geographic variation references the inability of non-for-profit educational institutions to adjust to changes in state, regional, and local demand due to political and social forces. For-profits flexibility in their governance structure, sensitivity to market conditions, and the ability to generate investment capital through public and private means allow them to establish themselves in new and emerging markets regardless of career and location. Also, for-profit institutions are able to conceptualize the geographic boundaries of education that constrain traditional educational institutions. Therefore, for-profit hold a competitive advantage over non-profit institutions in attracting the expanding market of the aforementioned non-traditional students through flexible educational offerings (e.  G. time and duration of classes and programs) as well as convenient locations (e. g. online or accessible locations). According to Floyd (2007) argued that for-profit institutions are better at stimulating growth, promoting efficiency, and adapting to current market demands because of their well-defined bureaucracy. For-profits can generate capital through public (e. g. fe deral finance aid) and private (e. g. stock offerings) means as well as engage in lobbying to produce a more favorable regulatory climate. These revenue streams have brought sizable profit margins and market share for propriety institutions (2007). However, these streams resulted in increased regulation and governmental oversight from accrediting agencies for federal financial aid and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Current Issues with For-Profit Institutions Over the past few years there has been an increase in False Claims Act lawsuits filed against major for-profit education companies for predatory enrollment strategies (Lederman, 2011). In 2009, the Apollo Group, the parent company of the University of Phoenix, settled a notable case for $78. 5 million without having to admit guilt (Lederman, 2009). The case came from testimonies from former admissions counselors which alleged that the institution illegally paid its recruiters based on how many students they enrolled (2009). Cases have also been filed against the Corinthian Colleges Inc. , parent company of Everest Colleges, as well as Education Management Corporation, parent company of Argosy and Arts Institutes. The False Claims Act allows a private person (i. e. Rnowingly submitted or caused the submission of false or fraudulent claims to the United States (Lederman, 2011; The United States Department of Justice, n. d. ). The fraudulent enrollment of students eligible for need-based aid who do not capacity for academic persistence and graduation is a false claim associated with for-profit higher education institutions. This predatory enrollment is commonly linked with incentive compensation for admissions counselors (2011). In 2010, the Government Accountability Office conducted undercover operations on the recruiting strategies and tactics of several for-profit institutions (Kutz, 2010). 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The issues that were primarily discussed were banning enrollment-based incentive pay and the disclosure to students of information about ‘transferability of credit and loan counseling’ (The Foundation For Educational Success, 2011). Institutions failing the annual review will lose their good standing (2011). Fain (2011) said that there were no public, economic, or organizational penalties associated with failure to comply other than removal from the Foundation’s protective website. Presently, the prominent for-profit educational groups have not signed the code of conduct and only 17 percent of for-profit institutions have agreed to the standards and their enforcement (2011).

Brunt Hotels Recruitment And Selection Portfolio Sample Assignment

Question: Describe about the Recruitment and Selection Portfolio? Answer: Introduction: Recruitment as well as selection portfolio would provide data plus information on hiring a good administrative assistance in a hotel as a replacement of a staff being shifted to new branch of hotel being opened in France. This urgent replacement would need attracting all potential candidates along with effectual recruitment tools as well as techniques and methods plus plans. The main purpose of this portfolio is to supply details about the job, description about post and tasks that the selected candidate will have to carry and also whole plan for recruitment plus selection and at the end draw a conclusion on the actually developed portfolio (Armstrong and Armstrong, 2009). Recruitment means overall procedure of attracting and selecting as well as appointing appropriate candidates for theavailable jobswithin any firm, either on permanent basis or even on temporary basis. Recruitment could also mean the process which is involved in selecting people for all unpaid positions, like voluntary roles otherwise training programs. Recruitment might be undertaken by managers within the firm. The utilization of all internet-oriented services as well as computer technologies towards supporting all facets of recruitment actions and procedures has even become very much widespread (Byars and Rue, 2000). Selection on other hand is procedure of putting a right man on the right job. It actually is the process of matching the organizational needs and requirements with skills as well as qualifications of the people. Effectual selection could be done merely when there exist efficient matching (Byars and Rue, 2000). About the firm: Brunt Hotels, owns above 30 hotels all through United Kingdom. They have currently acquired a very small chain of hotels headquartered within France. Brunt Hotels PLC actually is a chain of hotels throughout the nation named UK. This hotel chain has presently 60 hotels all through the nation 20 of the hotels under this chain are in London. The revenue of the organization was above 220 million last year. The firm has employed 7000 people and aims to employ more as they are expanding day by day. Chief executive of the hotel has decided that partially the hotels within France will be retained as well as rebranded like a part of Brunt Hotels Group and also that other part will be later sold. This would hold up Brunts strategic aim and objective of enhancing the firm slowly to ensure that novel ventures are properly supported as well as opened on proper time and is within the decided budget (McNeill and McNamara, 2009). The organization has decided to employ an administrative assistance and send the current one to the France branch to lead changeover of novel hotels plus then manage all of them following the opening. The firm has never ever owned hotel or chains outside UK, and requires to hire a good administrative assistant who would help the firm in all documentation and administrative works so that firm can work freely and without any hurdle. About the job: Job title- Administrative assistant Position in organizational hierarchy- The person will be in the middle level of management hierarchy Job Analysis- The procedure for job analysis will be to analyze as well as indentify all the tasks and duties of the job and also lay down the data and information as well as all the needs plus requirements (Folsom, 2001). The importance of the duties and extent to which they are valuable for the firm will have to be analyzed at this stage. The process for job analysis will be as follows: Source: (Thomas, Buboltz and Winkelspecht, 2004) Job specification- The task that the Administrative Assistant would conduct will be same as the named job position. He/ she will be expected to assist the management department in all the administrative tasks as well as activities having proper processing in all computing forms as well as utilization of technology. A person on this post will be performing several assisting jobs as outlined within the job description. Job details also will relate to all clerical tasks in some common form, like project based actions as well as tasks. The basic task for about a year will be to assist the firm as it is expanding its market to France and also handling all administrative works at this time (Dessler Teicher., Dessler and Teicher, 2004). Job Description- PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION Title Administrative assistant Department Personnel administration management Responsibilities Supplying all kinds of administrative support Supporting and helping staffs Helping administration manager Enhancing the efficiency of work through use of computers and applications Preparation of fax letters and emails Preparation of all internal memorandum as well as notices Preparation of all kinds of Memos and internal letters and emails. Duties Supplying help and assistance to the administration manager as well as all other departmental staffs Arranging plus organizing the meetings Maintenance of all call details and updating all the documents Attending calls and answering appropriately Source: (Getting prescribing in job description, 2005) Person specification- The individual to be eligible for the post must carry very pleasant as well as good appearance and must even be capable to work beneath tremendouspressure plus stress along with equilibrium of appearance. The person must bear round as well as be capable of multitasking along with handling immense workload. Also the candidate applying must possess good skills plus abilities towards handling all office work and at the same time assist department in all administrative tasks Skills qualifications- The skills which the administrative assistant must carry are: A fulltime degree in Bachelor of Business Administrationotherwise in Business CommunicationsA Diploma course in Office Management ( though this skill is optional)Must have a certificates of training within the course of secretarial otherwise clerical workMust carry an International license for Computer DrivingTOEFL / IELTS intended forall nonnative English oratorProficiency within English as well as French language (Dessler, 2000) SOFT SKILLS TECHNICAL SKILLS Good communication Faxing Management of time Solving basic problems in a computer Knowledge about presentations Documentation Stress management Familiar with all new software and applications Experience- It is must for the candidate to have minimum 3 years of experience inthe midcareer level And also must have worked as an administrative officer or clerk or else as an administrative assistant Recruitment Strategy: As experienced administrative assistants actually have higher demand in the market, they probably have much vertical salary needs than all those carrying less experience. Prior to taking decision upon salary facet, it is vital for the firm to weigh all the skill stage of position that the firm needs to be filled along with the money limit organization is prepared to actually spend behind the assistant be in form of salary or incentive or anything else (Edenborough, 2005). To conclude with a salary which is fair the firm will need to search all the other attainable regional listings online, as well as check out things that the office managers of an experience level the firm is seeking actually demand. It will be very beneficial if the firm tends to ask the applicants regarding their expectations of salary. Also benefits must be considered, as the part of compensation package, as there is actually no gold benchmark for the salary-setting. Recruitment Plan Source: (Edenborough, 2005) Hiring Administrative Assistant: Attracting Right Applicant For this firm, the best way for hiring will be to use the social networks these will be both online as well as in real-world. Persons seeking jobs as office otherwise administrative assistants actively look for referrals from relatives and friends otherwise colleagues and the best way for this communication nowadays is the social sites where people interact with each other almost every day. A smart CEO constantly looks out for individuals who actually impress him/her. Being into hospitality the firm needs to be treated with dignity as well as respect and thereby maintenance of service standards is of utmost importance for the firm (Gberevbie, 2006). Advertisement that will show the opening for the post Method Source Cost Others Local newspaper Classified section Free 20 words/ 3-7 days Internal office Bulletin board/ Notice Free 7 days Online and third part website Classifieds and forums Free 7 days Source: (Mathis and Jackson, 2000) Justification for such advertisement: Local newspapers- There are several people who issue daily employment news and even weekly ones in order to hunt for appropriate and liable job for themselves. Administrative officer or assistant is such a post which requires people with graduate level degree and such people generally opt to use newspapers as means for job hunting. This method can help the firm to attain large potential candidates (McNeill and McNamara, 2009) Internal office- There still exist few people in the hotel who are looking forwards towards increment in their salaries and also towards change in their job position. Since the hotel has decided to shift managers to new location there are many lower level staffs that are looking forward towards promotion and such an advertisement will help them to be aware about the vacancy and the opening within the firm. Online- In todays era internet has become the most vital source for advertisement and promotion. Be it a job vacancy or a product or any services, promoting and making people aware about things through internet is becoming more and more effective means and also helps firms to attain better success (Pinnington and Edwards, 2000) Selection Strategy: Before the process: Below is the list of works that will be done before commencement of the selection process: Screening some 50 Curriculum vitaeShort listing of top 10 best Curriculum vitaeScheduling the interviewing meeting along withall the concerned staffs and the candidatesInforming the candidate to bring all of their documents that are missing and are needed to analyze betterPreparing the readiness for the candidate to be present at computer tests as well as papertests 1. Preparation of the interview file along with:2. Interview questionnaire3. Interview forms (Mathis and Jackson, 2000) During the process: This checklist must be followed while the interview with the probable candidate: 15minutes will be allotted to candidates taking the paper based tests 15minutes will be allotted to candidates taking the computer based tests Information in the CV of the candidate will be double checked All the missing documents will be obtained Appearance of the candidate will also be checked and as they are all sitting for the interview of an administrative assistant their communication and soft skills will be minutely analyzed (Edenborough, 2005). All the certificates and educational data will be reviewed Administration manager will be informed about all the details of the candidate and also writing skills of the candidates will be checked Interviewing: Initially the interviewer must try to relax the candidate and make him feel comfortable as people are generally nervous while interviews. There are some basic questions that need to be asked from the candidate. They are- Where did you get the information about the vacancy in our firm?How did you know about the Brunt Hotels and its openings?Why did you wanted to join this firm?Have you applied somewhere else? Why? Why not?What is the salary you are expecting?Can your previous employer and your educational institute be contacted for cross checking?Tell something that you know and understand about this post?Why do you feel that you should be selected as the administrative assistant post in this firm?What are your strength and weaknesses?When can you join us? After the selection procedure: There are some formalities and vital steps to be followed once the selection decision is made: Email will be sent to candidate who we will contact with them and also if they the firm does not listen back from them within a week then all of their applications will be retained for any future opening (Dessler, 2000) Candidate profile will be evaluated as well as submitted to the administration manager Suitable candidates will be compared and top three amongst them will be shortlisted All the advertisements will be closed which were opened earlier for hiring candidates Things to be considered while selecting the candidate: A candidate must not be eliminated because he has charged hard, also even if the person makes the interviewers uncomfortable with the energy level, dedication, as well as drive. This might be later useful for the firm. May be and may not be the reality but it must be ensured that the actual capability of the candidate in field of writing Emails, Memos and Letters is appropriate because the post of the administrative assistant requires such knowledge vastly. Also the firm must check whether the candidate thrives in ecology where his only interaction is along with coworkers? Because for this post the candidate must be capable of interacting with everyone including his supervisors and even with senior level management because the employee on post of administrative assistant will frequently be asked to help the management and also the administrative manager in vital tasks and decision makings (Dertouzos and Garber, 2006). Final Hiring: The firm after reaching most critical stage in several-step process of hiring the firm will choose essentially qualified professional, who would get actual job offer and also a small set tasked with final decision will be decided upon the person who will attain the offer for the job. Here some decisions are very crucial, like answers to questions such as whether to go with the gut for making job offer towards candidate or to offer the real job to candidate with whom the interviewer has enjoyed the lunch with? The interviewer will need to throw hands up in air and then recognize that every of the finalists should be actually capable of doing the job appropriately? Then the person will be picked whose recent knowledge and experience relevant to maximum extent to the firms products as well as customers? Since the firm is into hospitality industry the interviewer needs to ensure that the candidate has appropriate skills such as good communication, patience and many more so that he/she ca n be able to handle issues at later stages (Malita and Egetenmeyer, 2014). Also since the firm is hiring this person for replacement of the one who will be shifted to another branch of the hotel being opened in France the candidate must be capable of understanding all the old details and data related to the firm and must be a good listener so that it becomes easy for the firm to make the new joiner understand the details properly (Wanous, 1986). At such divergence in road, the candidates will be verified for having exacting skills as well as experience. Here are 7 vital factors to be considered prior to selection as well as hiring of the candidate. Review of the feedback data and information will be done from staffs who have already served the interview team of the firm. It actually is impossible for all 10 to 12 individuals to sit on a single table and make final decision, yet all of their inputs are worth of getting attention as well as review. Thus a single person will be allotted who would take down views of all the interviewers in the panel and will summarize it all to bring out the name of the candidate who will be selected. If the concerned person has been capable ofobtaining feedback right from the former employerof potential employee, he/she will have a good thing to review. Performance feedback, as well as positive response towards questions asked to prior employer of the candidate would help the person in selection of a good candidate and will ensure the excellence and efficiency in the candidate (Sparrow, 2006). Here are main steps the firm will need to follow to hire an appropriate staff for the post of administrative assistant: Create the requisition within the firms portal and websiteThe chosen approvers would review as well as approve requisition.The designated employment professional will review and then will approve requisition, and would forward the same to Compensation Office at the time when it will be needed.When totally approved, the employment specialist would post position to hotels employment website, where the applicants could apply for position (Thomas, Buboltz and Winkelspecht, 2004).The employment specialist would review all the resumes against each and every requirement and will then place the best candidates upon the hiring executive workbench in the hotel for him to review.The firm will then need to review resumes and conduct interviews, as well as check references upon candidates before making any final decision on hiring. During the review as well as evaluation of the candidates, the firm will then tend to disposition all the candidates to properly track as well as document all of their status within hiring procedure (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher, 2012).Once qualified final candidate gets selected, the firm will then need to decide on a proposed pay otherwise salary as well as obtain support for the same from the salary offer.The employment specialist would then review as well as approve proposed structure of the salary offer.The designated department will then approve and review as well as evaluate the salary.After salary gets approved, the firm makes this offer to candidateThen the employment specialist will be consulted if for any salary negotiation if required.After the offer is approved and also background gets completely checked, then the firm moves forward with the post-offer actions and then goes on to boarding plus final positioning of the candidate (Tyson and Tyson, 2006). Conclusion- Being into hospitality industry it is never that easy for the firm to attain good and effective staffs as this industry needs to comply by several rules and norms and also the turnover rate in this sector is very high. Employers taking good care of their staffs and also understanding the needs and wants of employees are capable of hiring as well as retaining better staffs for longer period of time. The firm needs to understand the candidates and their behavior very minutely with an aim to fetch the best one out of all available potential ones. The process of staffing is very crucial and especially in hospitality sector it must be very carefully undertaken as this sector deals with customers directly and any unaccepted behavior might lead to unhappy and unsatisfied customers and thereby might result in lower profit earnings by the hotel. 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